refac: project overhaul, cpp industry standards and google code style

.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+---
+Language: Cpp
+# BasedOnStyle:  Google
+AccessModifierOffset: -1
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: Align
+AlignArrayOfStructures: None
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: true
+AlignConsecutiveBitFields:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveMacros:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCompound: false
+  AlignFunctionPointers: false
+  PadOperators: false
+AlignConsecutiveShortCaseStatements:
+  Enabled: false
+  AcrossEmptyLines: false
+  AcrossComments: false
+  AlignCaseColons: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Left
+AlignOperands: Align
+AlignTrailingComments:
+  Kind: Always
+  OverEmptyLines: 0
+AllowAllArgumentsOnNextLine: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: true
+AllowBreakBeforeNoexceptSpecifier: Never
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: Never
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortCompoundRequirementOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: true
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: WithoutElse
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: All
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: true
+AlwaysBreakAfterDefinitionReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: true
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: Yes
+AttributeMacros:
+  - __capability
+BinPackArguments: true
+BinPackParameters: true
+BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
+BraceWrapping:
+  AfterCaseLabel: false
+  AfterClass: false
+  AfterControlStatement: Never
+  AfterEnum: false
+  AfterExternBlock: false
+  AfterFunction: false
+  AfterNamespace: false
+  AfterObjCDeclaration: false
+  AfterStruct: false
+  AfterUnion: false
+  BeforeCatch: false
+  BeforeElse: false
+  BeforeLambdaBody: false
+  BeforeWhile: false
+  IndentBraces: false
+  SplitEmptyFunction: true
+  SplitEmptyRecord: true
+  SplitEmptyNamespace: true
+BreakAdjacentStringLiterals: true
+BreakAfterAttributes: Leave
+BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: false
+BreakArrays: true
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
+BreakBeforeConceptDeclarations: Always
+BreakBeforeBraces: Attach
+BreakBeforeInlineASMColon: OnlyMultiline
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeColon
+BreakInheritanceList: BeforeColon
+BreakStringLiterals: true
+ColumnLimit: 80
+CommentPragmas: '^ IWYU pragma:'
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 4
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 4
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: true
+DisableFormat: false
+EmptyLineAfterAccessModifier: Never
+EmptyLineBeforeAccessModifier: LogicalBlock
+ExperimentalAutoDetectBinPacking: false
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+ForEachMacros:
+  - foreach
+  - Q_FOREACH
+  - BOOST_FOREACH
+IfMacros:
+  - KJ_IF_MAYBE
+IncludeBlocks: Regroup
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex: '^<ext/.*\.h>'
+    Priority: 2
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: '^<.*\.h>'
+    Priority: 1
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: '^<.*'
+    Priority: 2
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+  - Regex: '.*'
+    Priority: 3
+    SortPriority: 0
+    CaseSensitive: false
+IncludeIsMainRegex: '([-_](test|unittest))?$'
+IncludeIsMainSourceRegex: ''
+IndentAccessModifiers: false
+IndentCaseBlocks: false
+IndentCaseLabels: true
+IndentExternBlock: AfterExternBlock
+IndentGotoLabels: true
+IndentPPDirectives: None
+IndentRequiresClause: true
+IndentWidth: 2
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+InsertBraces: false
+InsertNewlineAtEOF: false
+InsertTrailingCommas: None
+IntegerLiteralSeparator:
+  Binary: 0
+  BinaryMinDigits: 0
+  Decimal: 0
+  DecimalMinDigits: 0
+  Hex: 0
+  HexMinDigits: 0
+JavaScriptQuotes: Leave
+JavaScriptWrapImports: true
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
+KeepEmptyLinesAtEOF: false
+LambdaBodyIndentation: Signature
+LineEnding: DeriveLF
+MacroBlockBegin: ''
+MacroBlockEnd: ''
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+ObjCBinPackProtocolList: Never
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 2
+ObjCBreakBeforeNestedBlockParam: true
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: false
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: true
+PackConstructorInitializers: NextLine
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 2
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 1
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakOpenParenthesis: 0
+PenaltyBreakScopeResolution: 500
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyBreakTemplateDeclaration: 10
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyIndentedWhitespace: 0
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 200
+PointerAlignment: Left
+PPIndentWidth: -1
+QualifierAlignment: Leave
+RawStringFormats:
+  - Language: Cpp
+    Delimiters:
+      - cc
+      - CC
+      - cpp
+      - Cpp
+      - CPP
+      - 'c++'
+      - 'C++'
+    CanonicalDelimiter: ''
+    BasedOnStyle: google
+  - Language: TextProto
+    Delimiters:
+      - pb
+      - PB
+      - proto
+      - PROTO
+    EnclosingFunctions:
+      - EqualsProto
+      - EquivToProto
+      - PARSE_PARTIAL_TEXT_PROTO
+      - PARSE_TEST_PROTO
+      - PARSE_TEXT_PROTO
+      - ParseTextOrDie
+      - ParseTextProtoOrDie
+      - ParseTestProto
+      - ParsePartialTestProto
+    CanonicalDelimiter: pb
+    BasedOnStyle: google
+ReferenceAlignment: Pointer
+ReflowComments: true
+RemoveBracesLLVM: false
+RemoveParentheses: Leave
+RemoveSemicolon: false
+RequiresClausePosition: OwnLine
+RequiresExpressionIndentation: OuterScope
+SeparateDefinitionBlocks: Leave
+ShortNamespaceLines: 1
+SkipMacroDefinitionBody: false
+SortIncludes: CaseSensitive
+SortJavaStaticImport: Before
+SortUsingDeclarations: LexicographicNumeric
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
+SpaceAfterLogicalNot: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+SpaceAroundPointerQualifiers: Default
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeCaseColon: false
+SpaceBeforeCpp11BracedList: false
+SpaceBeforeCtorInitializerColon: true
+SpaceBeforeInheritanceColon: true
+SpaceBeforeJsonColon: false
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceBeforeParensOptions:
+  AfterControlStatements: true
+  AfterForeachMacros: true
+  AfterFunctionDefinitionName: false
+  AfterFunctionDeclarationName: false
+  AfterIfMacros: true
+  AfterOverloadedOperator: false
+  AfterPlacementOperator: true
+  AfterRequiresInClause: false
+  AfterRequiresInExpression: false
+  BeforeNonEmptyParentheses: false
+SpaceBeforeRangeBasedForLoopColon: true
+SpaceBeforeSquareBrackets: false
+SpaceInEmptyBlock: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 2
+SpacesInAngles: Never
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
+SpacesInLineCommentPrefix:
+  Minimum: 1
+  Maximum: -1
+SpacesInParens: Never
+SpacesInParensOptions:
+  InCStyleCasts: false
+  InConditionalStatements: false
+  InEmptyParentheses: false
+  Other: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+Standard: Auto
+StatementAttributeLikeMacros:
+  - Q_EMIT
+StatementMacros:
+  - Q_UNUSED
+  - QT_REQUIRE_VERSION
+TabWidth: 8
+UseTab: Never
+VerilogBreakBetweenInstancePorts: true
+WhitespaceSensitiveMacros:
+  - BOOST_PP_STRINGIZE
+  - CF_SWIFT_NAME
+  - NS_SWIFT_NAME
+  - PP_STRINGIZE
+  - STRINGIZE
+...
+

.gitignore

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-build
+build/
+cmake-build-debug/
 out
 .cache
 .idea

src/Ball.cpp

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 
 #include "Constants.hpp"
 
-Ball::Ball(float radius, const sf::Vector2f& pos, const sf::Vector2f& vel,
+Ball::Ball(const float radius, const sf::Vector2f &pos, const sf::Vector2f &vel,
            const sf::Color &color)
-    : m_radius(radius),
-      m_velocity(vel),
+    : m_velocity(vel),
       m_lastPosition(pos),
       m_pixelVelocity(vel),
+      m_radius(radius),
       m_baseColor(color) {
   m_shape.setRadius(radius);
   m_shape.setOrigin(sf::Vector2f(radius, radius));
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ Ball::Ball(float radius, const sf::Vector2f& pos, const sf::Vector2f& vel,
   m_shape.setFillColor(color);
 }
 
-void Ball::update(float dt, const sf::Vector2f& windowSize) {
+void Ball::update(const float dt, const sf::Vector2f &windowSize) {
   if (m_atRest) return;
   m_velocity.y += Constants::GRAVITY * dt;
   m_shape.move(m_velocity * dt);
 
-    sf::Vector2f currentPosition = m_shape.getPosition();
+  const sf::Vector2f currentPosition = m_shape.getPosition();
   m_pixelVelocity = (currentPosition - m_lastPosition) / dt;
   m_lastPosition = currentPosition;
 
@@ -31,51 +31,53 @@ void Ball::update(float dt, const sf::Vector2f& windowSize) {
 }
 
 void Ball::updateColor() {
-    float currentSpeed =
+  const float currentSpeed =
       std::sqrt(m_velocity.x * m_velocity.x + m_velocity.y * m_velocity.y);
 
   static float lastSpeed = 0.0f;
-    if (std::abs(currentSpeed - lastSpeed) < 10.0f) {
-        return;
-    }
+  if (std::abs(currentSpeed - lastSpeed) < 10.0f) return;
   lastSpeed = currentSpeed;
 
-    float speed =
+  const float speed =
       std::sqrt(m_velocity.x * m_velocity.x + m_velocity.y * m_velocity.y);
-
-    const float MAX_SPEED = 2000.0f;
-    float t = std::min(speed / MAX_SPEED, 1.0f);
+  const float t = std::min(speed / 2000.0f, 1.0f);
 
   sf::Color targetColor;
 
-    if (t < 0.33f) {  // Red to orange
-        float scaledT = t * 3.0f;
+  if (t < 0.33f) {
+    // Red to orange
+    const float scaledT = t * 3.0f;
     targetColor.r = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255);
     targetColor.g = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0 + scaledT * 165);
     targetColor.b = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0);
-    } else if (t < 0.66f) {  // Orange to yellow
-        float scaledT = (t - 0.33f) * 3.0f;
+  } else if (t < 0.66f) {
+    // Orange to yellow
+    const float scaledT = (t - 0.33f) * 3.0f;
     targetColor.r = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255);
     targetColor.g = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(165 + scaledT * 90);
     targetColor.b = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0);
-    } else {  // Yellow to white
-        float scaledT = (t - 0.66f) * 3.0f;
+  } else {
+    // Yellow to white
+    const float scaledT = (t - 0.66f) * 3.0f;
     targetColor.r = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255);
     targetColor.g = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(255);
     targetColor.b = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(0 + scaledT * 255);
   }
 
-    sf::Color currentColor = m_shape.getFillColor();
+  const sf::Color currentColor = m_shape.getFillColor();
 
-    const float TRANSITION_SPEED = 0.05f;
+  constexpr float TRANSITION_SPEED = 0.05f;
 
   sf::Color newColor;
-    newColor.r = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(
-        currentColor.r + TRANSITION_SPEED * (targetColor.r - currentColor.r));
-    newColor.g = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(
-        currentColor.g + TRANSITION_SPEED * (targetColor.g - currentColor.g));
-    newColor.b = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(
-        currentColor.b + TRANSITION_SPEED * (targetColor.b - currentColor.b));
+  newColor.r = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(static_cast<float>(currentColor.r) +
+                                         TRANSITION_SPEED *
+                                             (targetColor.r - currentColor.r));
+  newColor.g = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(static_cast<float>(currentColor.g) +
+                                         TRANSITION_SPEED *
+                                             (targetColor.g - currentColor.g));
+  newColor.b = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(static_cast<float>(currentColor.b) +
+                                         TRANSITION_SPEED *
+                                             (targetColor.b - currentColor.b));
   newColor.a = 255;
 
   m_shape.setFillColor(newColor);
@@ -97,9 +99,10 @@ bool Ball::isAtRest() const { return m_atRest; }
 void Ball::handleWallCollision(const sf::Vector2f &windowSize) {
   sf::Vector2f pos = m_shape.getPosition();
 
-    auto handleAxis = [&](int axis, float min, float max, float& velocity,
-                          float radius, float restitution) {
-        float value = (axis == 0) ? pos.x : pos.y;
+  auto handleAxis = [&](const int axis, const float min, const float max,
+                        float &velocity, const float radius,
+                        const float restitution) {
+    float value = axis == 0 ? pos.x : pos.y;
 
     if (value - radius < min) {
       value = min + radius;
@@ -134,30 +137,29 @@ void Ball::handleWallCollision(const sf::Vector2f& windowSize) {
 }
 
 void Ball::resolveCollision(Ball &other) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lockA(m_mutex);
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lockB(other.m_mutex);
+  std::lock_guard lockA(m_mutex);
+  std::lock_guard lockB(other.m_mutex);
 
-    sf::Vector2f posA = getPosition();
-    sf::Vector2f posB = other.getPosition();
-    sf::Vector2f delta = posB - posA;
-    float dist = std::sqrt(delta.x * delta.x + delta.y * delta.y);
-    float minDist = m_radius + other.m_radius;
+  const sf::Vector2f posA = getPosition();
+  const sf::Vector2f posB = other.getPosition();
+  const sf::Vector2f delta = posB - posA;
+  const float dist = std::sqrt(delta.x * delta.x + delta.y * delta.y);
+  const float minDist = m_radius + other.m_radius;
 
   if (dist >= minDist || dist < 1e-6f) return;
 
-    sf::Vector2f normal = delta / dist;
-    float overlap = minDist - dist;
+  const sf::Vector2f normal = delta / dist;
+  const float overlap = minDist - dist;
   m_shape.move(-normal * (overlap / 2.f));
   other.m_shape.move(normal * (overlap / 2.f));
 
-    sf::Vector2f vA = m_velocity;
-    sf::Vector2f vB = other.m_velocity;
-    float vA_n = vA.x * normal.x + vA.y * normal.y;
-    float vB_n = vB.x * normal.x + vB.y * normal.y;
+  const sf::Vector2f vA = m_velocity;
+  const sf::Vector2f vB = other.m_velocity;
+  const float vA_n = vA.x * normal.x + vA.y * normal.y;
+  const float vB_n = vB.x * normal.x + vB.y * normal.y;
 
-    float restitution = 0.95f;
-    float vA_n_new = vB_n * restitution;
-    float vB_n_new = vA_n * restitution;
+  const float vA_n_new = vB_n * Constants::RESTITUTION;
+  const float vB_n_new = vA_n * Constants::RESTITUTION;
 
   m_velocity += (vA_n_new - vA_n) * normal;
   other.m_velocity += (vB_n_new - vB_n) * normal;

src/Ball.hpp

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "PhysicalObject.hpp"
 
-class Ball : public PhysicalObject {
-   private:
+class Ball final : public PhysicalObject {
   // Position and physics data
   sf::Vector2f m_velocity;
   sf::Vector2f m_lastPosition;
@@ -21,6 +20,7 @@ class Ball : public PhysicalObject {
   mutable std::mutex m_mutex;
 
   void handleWallCollision(const sf::Vector2f &windowSize);
+
   void updateColor();
 
  public:
@@ -28,13 +28,19 @@ class Ball : public PhysicalObject {
        const sf::Color &color);
 
   void update(float dt, const sf::Vector2f &windowSize) override;
+
   void draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) override;
+
   void applyImpulse(const sf::Vector2f &impulse) override;
+
   void resolveCollision(Ball &other);
 
   sf::Vector2f getPosition() const;
+
   sf::Vector2f getVelocity() const;
+
   bool isAtRest() const;
+
   sf::Vector2f getPixelVelocity() const { return m_pixelVelocity; }
   float getRadius() const { return m_radius; }
   sf::Color getColor() const { return m_shape.getFillColor(); }

src/BallFactory.cpp

@@ -1,24 +1,28 @@
 #include "BallFactory.hpp"
 
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <ctime>
+#include <random>
 
 #include "Constants.hpp"
 
 namespace BallFactory {
 std::unique_ptr<Ball> generateRandBall() {
-    float radius = Constants::BALL_RADIUS;
-    int diameter = static_cast<int>(2 * radius);
-    int maxX = Constants::WIDTH - diameter;
-    int maxY = Constants::HEIGHT - diameter;
-    float x = static_cast<float>((std::rand() % maxX) + radius);
-    float y = static_cast<float>((std::rand() % maxY) + radius);
-    float vel = static_cast<float>((std::rand() % 401) - 200);
+  static std::random_device rd;
+  static std::mt19937 rng(rd());
+  constexpr float x1 = Constants::WIDTH - Constants::BALL_RADIUS * 2;
+  constexpr float y1 = Constants::HEIGHT - Constants::BALL_RADIUS * 2;
+  std::uniform_real_distribution posXDist(Constants::BALL_RADIUS, x1);
+  std::uniform_real_distribution posYDist(Constants::BALL_RADIUS, y1);
+  std::uniform_real_distribution velDist(-200.0f, 200.0f);
+  std::uniform_int_distribution colorDist(64, 255);
 
-    auto randColorComp = []() {
-        return static_cast<std::uint8_t>(64 + (std::rand() % (256 - 64)));
-    };
-    sf::Color color(randColorComp(), randColorComp(), randColorComp());
+  float radius = Constants::BALL_RADIUS;
+  const float x = posXDist(rng);
+  const float y = posYDist(rng);
+  const float vel = velDist(rng);
+
+  sf::Color color(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(colorDist(rng)),
+                  static_cast<std::uint8_t>(colorDist(rng)),
+                  static_cast<std::uint8_t>(colorDist(rng)));
 
   auto position = sf::Vector2f(x, y);
   auto velocity = sf::Vector2f(vel, vel);
@@ -27,7 +31,6 @@ std::unique_ptr<Ball> generateRandBall() {
 
 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Ball> > generateBalls() {
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Ball> > balls;
-    std::srand(static_cast<unsigned>(std::time(nullptr)));
 
   for (int i = 0; i < Constants::BALL_QUANTITY; ++i) {
     auto ball = generateRandBall();

src/BallFactory.hpp

@@ -6,5 +6,6 @@
 
 namespace BallFactory {
 std::unique_ptr<Ball> generateRandBall();
+
 std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Ball> > generateBalls();
 }  // namespace BallFactory

src/BatchRenderer.cpp

@@ -5,24 +5,24 @@
 #include <cmath>
 
 BatchRenderer::BatchRenderer() : m_vertices(sf::PrimitiveType::Triangles) {
-    const unsigned int size = 64;
+  constexpr unsigned int size = 64;
   sf::Image image(sf::Vector2u(size, size), sf::Color::Transparent);
 
-    unsigned int radius = size / 2;
-    sf::Vector2u center(radius, radius);
+  constexpr unsigned int radius = size / 2;
+  constexpr sf::Vector2u center(radius, radius);
 
   for (unsigned int y = 0; y < size; ++y) {
     for (unsigned int x = 0; x < size; ++x) {
-            sf::Vector2u pixel(x, y);
-            int dx = static_cast<int>(center.x) - static_cast<int>(pixel.x);
-            int dy = static_cast<int>(center.y) - static_cast<int>(pixel.y);
-            float distance = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+      const sf::Vector2u pixel(x, y);
+      const int dx = static_cast<int>(center.x) - static_cast<int>(pixel.x);
+      const int dy = static_cast<int>(center.y) - static_cast<int>(pixel.y);
 
-            if (distance <= radius) {
+      if (const auto distance =
+              static_cast<float>(std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy));
+          distance <= radius) {
         float alpha = 255.0f;
         if (distance > radius - 2.0f) {
-                    alpha =
-                        255.0f * (1.0f - (distance - (radius - 2.0f)) / 2.0f);
+          alpha = 255.0f * (1.0f - (distance - (radius - 2.0f)) / 2.0f);
         }
         image.setPixel(
             sf::Vector2u(x, y),
@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ BatchRenderer::BatchRenderer() : m_vertices(sf::PrimitiveType::Triangles) {
 void BatchRenderer::clear() { m_vertices.clear(); }
 
 void BatchRenderer::addBall(const Ball &ball) {
-    sf::Vector2f position = ball.getPosition();
-    float radius = ball.getRadius();
-    sf::Color color = ball.getColor();
+  const sf::Vector2f position = ball.getPosition();
+  const float radius = ball.getRadius();
+  const sf::Color color = ball.getColor();
 
   sf::Vertex topLeft;
   sf::Vertex topRight;
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ void BatchRenderer::addBall(const Ball& ball) {
 
   topLeft.position = sf::Vector2f(position.x - radius, position.y - radius);
   topRight.position = sf::Vector2f(position.x + radius, position.y - radius);
-    bottomRight.position =
-        sf::Vector2f(position.x + radius, position.y + radius);
-    bottomLeft.position =
-        sf::Vector2f(position.x - radius, position.y + radius);
+  bottomRight.position = sf::Vector2f(position.x + radius, position.y + radius);
+  bottomLeft.position = sf::Vector2f(position.x - radius, position.y + radius);
+
+  const float xSize = static_cast<float>(m_circleTexture.getSize().x);
+  const float ySize = static_cast<float>(m_circleTexture.getSize().y);
 
   topLeft.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(0, 0);
-    topRight.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(m_circleTexture.getSize().x, 0);
-    bottomRight.texCoords =
-        sf::Vector2f(m_circleTexture.getSize().x, m_circleTexture.getSize().y);
-    bottomLeft.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(0, m_circleTexture.getSize().y);
+  topRight.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(xSize, 0);
+  bottomRight.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(xSize, ySize);
+  bottomLeft.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(0, ySize);
 
   topLeft.color = color;
   topRight.color = color;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void BatchRenderer::addBall(const Ball& ball) {
   m_vertices.append(bottomLeft);
 }
 
-void BatchRenderer::draw(sf::RenderWindow& window) {
+void BatchRenderer::draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) const {
   if (m_vertices.getVertexCount() == 0) return;
 
   sf::RenderStates states;

src/BatchRenderer.hpp

@@ -2,18 +2,19 @@
 #include <SFML/Graphics/RenderWindow.hpp>
 #include <SFML/Graphics/Texture.hpp>
 #include <SFML/Graphics/VertexArray.hpp>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "Ball.hpp"
 
 class BatchRenderer {
-   private:
   sf::VertexArray m_vertices;
   sf::Texture m_circleTexture;
 
  public:
   BatchRenderer();
+
   void clear();
+
   void addBall(const Ball &ball);
-    void draw(sf::RenderWindow& window);
+
+  void draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) const;
 };

src/Constants.hpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 namespace Constants {
-constexpr unsigned WIDTH = 1920;
-constexpr unsigned HEIGHT = 1080;
+constexpr int WIDTH = 1920;
+constexpr int HEIGHT = 1080;
 constexpr float GRAVITY = 781.f;
 constexpr float RESTITUTION = 0.8f;
 constexpr float FRICTION = 0.9f;

src/DebugDraw.cpp

@@ -6,25 +6,26 @@
 
 #include "VectorMath.hpp"
 
-float clamp(float value, float minVal, float maxVal) {
+float clamp(const float value, const float minVal, const float maxVal) {
   return std::max(minVal, std::min(value, maxVal));
 }
 
 void DebugDraw::addLine(sf::VertexArray &lines, const sf::Vector2f &start,
-                        const sf::Vector2f& direction, float length,
+                        const sf::Vector2f &direction, const float length,
                         const sf::Color &color) {
-    sf::Vector2f endPoint = start + VectorMath::normalize(direction) * length;
+  const sf::Vector2f endPoint =
+      start + VectorMath::normalize(direction) * length;
   lines.append(sf::Vertex({start, color}));
   lines.append(sf::Vertex({endPoint, color}));
 }
 
 void DebugDraw::addDirectionLine(sf::VertexArray &lines, const Ball *ball,
                                  const sf::RenderWindow &window) {
-    sf::Vector2f ballCenter = ball->getPosition();
-    sf::Vector2i mousePixel = sf::Mouse::getPosition(window);
-    sf::Vector2f mouseWorld(static_cast<float>(mousePixel.x),
+  const sf::Vector2f ballCenter = ball->getPosition();
+  const sf::Vector2i mousePixel = sf::Mouse::getPosition(window);
+  const sf::Vector2f mouseWorld(static_cast<float>(mousePixel.x),
                                 static_cast<float>(mousePixel.y));
-    sf::Vector2f dir = mouseWorld - ballCenter;
+  const sf::Vector2f dir = mouseWorld - ballCenter;
 
   addLine(lines, ballCenter, dir, 100.f, sf::Color::Green);
 }
@@ -32,10 +33,10 @@ void DebugDraw::addDirectionLine(sf::VertexArray& lines, const Ball* ball,
 void DebugDraw::addVelocityLine(sf::VertexArray &lines, const Ball *ball) {
   if (ball->isAtRest()) return;
 
-    sf::Vector2f ballCenter = ball->getPosition();
-    sf::Vector2f velocity = ball->getVelocity();
-    float velLength = VectorMath::length(velocity);
-    float clampedLength = std::max(0.f, std::min(velLength, 100.f));
+  const sf::Vector2f ballCenter = ball->getPosition();
+  const sf::Vector2f velocity = ball->getVelocity();
+  const float velLength = VectorMath::length(velocity);
+  const float clampedLength = std::max(0.f, std::min(velLength, 100.f));
 
   addLine(lines, ballCenter, velocity, clampedLength, sf::Color::Red);
 }

src/DebugDraw.hpp

@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ class DebugDraw {
   static void addLine(sf::VertexArray &lines, const sf::Vector2f &start,
                       const sf::Vector2f &direction, float length,
                       const sf::Color &color);
+
   static void addDirectionLine(sf::VertexArray &lines, const Ball *ball,
                                const sf::RenderWindow &window);
+
   static void addVelocityLine(sf::VertexArray &lines, const Ball *ball);
+
   static void drawBatchedLines(sf::RenderWindow &window,
                                const sf::VertexArray &lines);
 };

src/DebugOverlay.cpp

@@ -9,13 +9,14 @@ DebugOverlay::DebugOverlay(const std::string& fontPath)
   m_text.setPosition(sf::Vector2f(5.f, 5.f));
 }
 
-void DebugOverlay::update(int drawCalls, float timeScale,
-                          sf::RenderWindow& window, size_t threadCount,
-                          size_t ballsPerThread) {
-    float elapsed = m_fpsClock.restart().asSeconds();
-    if (elapsed > 0.f) m_fps = static_cast<int>(1.f / elapsed);
+void DebugOverlay::update(const int drawCalls, const float timeScale,
+                          const sf::RenderWindow &window,
+                          const size_t threadCount,
+                          const size_t ballsPerThread) {
+  const float elapsed = m_fpsClock.restart().asSeconds();
+  if (elapsed > 0.2f) m_fps = 1.f / elapsed;
 
-    sf::Vector2i mousePos = sf::Mouse::getPosition(window);
+  const sf::Vector2i mousePos = sf::Mouse::getPosition(window);
 
   std::ostringstream oss;
   oss << "Draw calls: " << drawCalls << "\n";
@@ -28,4 +29,4 @@ void DebugOverlay::update(int drawCalls, float timeScale,
   m_text.setString(oss.str());
 }
 
-void DebugOverlay::draw(sf::RenderWindow& window) { window.draw(m_text); }
+void DebugOverlay::draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) const { window.draw(m_text); }

src/DebugOverlay.hpp

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@
 
 class DebugOverlay {
  public:
-    DebugOverlay(const std::string& fontPath);
+  explicit DebugOverlay(const std::string &fontPath);
 
-    void update(int drawCalls, float timeScale, sf::RenderWindow& window,
+  void update(int drawCalls, float timeScale, const sf::RenderWindow &window,
               size_t threadCount, size_t ballsPerThread);
-    void draw(sf::RenderWindow& window);
+
+  void draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) const;
 
  private:
   sf::Font m_font;

src/Game.cpp

@@ -4,24 +4,25 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <thread>
-#include <tuple>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include "BallFactory.hpp"
 #include "Constants.hpp"
 #include "DebugDraw.hpp"
+#include "ThreadUtils.hpp"
 #include "VectorMath.hpp"
 
 Game::Game()
     : m_inputManager(
-          std::bind(&Game::processKeyPressed, this, std::placeholders::_1),
-          std::bind(&Game::processMousePressed, this, std::placeholders::_1)),
+          [this](auto &&PH1) {
+            processKeyPressed(std::forward<decltype(PH1)>(PH1));
+          },
+          [this](auto &&PH1) {
+            processMousePressed(std::forward<decltype(PH1)>(PH1));
+          }),
       m_debugLines(sf::PrimitiveType::Lines),
-      m_drawCallCount(0),
       m_debugOverlay("assets/consolas.ttf"),
-      m_threadPool(std::max(1u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency() > 2
-                                    ? std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 2
-                                    : 1u)) {
+      m_threadPool(ThreadUtils::calculateSafeWorkerThreads()) {
   m_window.create(sf::VideoMode({Constants::WIDTH, Constants::HEIGHT}),
                   "SFML Playground");
   m_window.setVerticalSyncEnabled(true);
@@ -34,37 +35,46 @@ Game::Game()
   }
 }
 
-void Game::processKeyPressed(const sf::Event::KeyPressed &kP) {
-    if (kP.code == sf::Keyboard::Key::Equal) {
-        m_timeScale += 0.25f;
-        if (m_timeScale > 10.0f) m_timeScale = 10.0f;
-    } else if (kP.code == sf::Keyboard::Key::Hyphen) {
-        m_timeScale -= 0.25f;
-        if (m_timeScale < 0.25f) m_timeScale = 0.25f;
-    }
-
-    if (kP.code == sf::Keyboard::Key::D) {
+void Game::processKeyPressed(const sf::Event::KeyPressed &keyPressed) {
+  switch (keyPressed.code) {
+    case sf::Keyboard::Key::Equal:
+      m_timeScale = std::min(10.0f, m_timeScale + 0.25f);
+      break;
+    case sf::Keyboard::Key::Hyphen:
+      m_timeScale = std::max(0.25f, m_timeScale - 0.25f);
+      break;
+    case sf::Keyboard::Key::D:
       m_toggleDebug = !m_toggleDebug;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
   }
 }
 
-void Game::processMousePressed(const sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed &mP) {
-    sf::Vector2f mousePos(static_cast<float>(mP.position.x),
-                          static_cast<float>(mP.position.y));
-    if (mP.button == sf::Mouse::Button::Left) impulseBalls(mousePos);
-    if (mP.button == sf::Mouse::Button::Right) spawnBall(mousePos);
+void Game::processMousePressed(
+    const sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed &mousePressed) {
+  const sf::Vector2f mousePos(static_cast<float>(mousePressed.position.x),
+                              static_cast<float>(mousePressed.position.y));
+  switch (mousePressed.button) {
+    case sf::Mouse::Button::Left:
+      impulseBalls(mousePos);
+      break;
+    case sf::Mouse::Button::Right:
+      spawnBall(mousePos);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
 }
 
 void Game::spawnBall(const sf::Vector2f &mousePos) {
-    auto newBallPtr = std::make_unique<Ball>(
-        Constants::BALL_RADIUS,
-        mousePos,
-        sf::Vector2f(0.f, 0.f),
-        sf::Color::Black);
+  auto newBallPtr =
+      std::make_unique<Ball>(Constants::BALL_RADIUS, mousePos,
+                             sf::Vector2f(0.f, 0.f), sf::Color::Black);
   m_objects.push_back(std::move(newBallPtr));
 }
 
-void Game::impulseBalls(const sf::Vector2f &mousePos) {
+void Game::impulseBalls(const sf::Vector2f &mousePos) const {
   for (auto &object : m_objects) {
     auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get());
     if (!ball) continue;
@@ -74,20 +84,21 @@ void Game::impulseBalls(const sf::Vector2f &mousePos) {
   }
 }
 
-Game::Grid Game::buildSpatialGrid() {
-    const float cellSize = 2 * Constants::BALL_RADIUS;
-    const float safeCellSize = std::max(cellSize, 0.001f);
+Game::Grid Game::buildSpatialGrid() const {
+  constexpr float safeCellSize = std::max(2 * Constants::BALL_RADIUS, 0.001f);
   Grid grid;
+
   for (auto &object : m_objects) {
-        if (Ball *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
+    auto ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get());
+    if (!ball) continue;
+
     const sf::Vector2f &pos = ball->getPosition();
-            if (std::isfinite(pos.x) && std::isfinite(pos.y)) {
+    if (!std::isfinite(pos.x) || !std::isfinite(pos.y)) continue;
+
     int cellX = static_cast<int>(std::floor(pos.x / safeCellSize));
     int cellY = static_cast<int>(std::floor(pos.y / safeCellSize));
     grid[{cellX, cellY}].push_back(ball);
   }
-        }
-    }
   return grid;
 }
 
@@ -99,23 +110,23 @@ void Game::resolveSpatialCollisionsParallel(const Grid &grid) {
   std::mutex collisionsMutex;
 
   for (const auto &[cell, cellBalls] : grid) {
-        for (const auto &offset : forwardNeighbors) {
-            Cell neighborCell = {cell.first + offset.first,
-                                 cell.second + offset.second};
+    for (const auto &[firstOffset, secondOffset] : forwardNeighbors) {
+      Cell neighborCell = {cell.first + firstOffset,
+                           cell.second + secondOffset};
       auto neighborIt = grid.find(neighborCell);
       if (neighborIt == grid.end()) continue;
 
       if (neighborCell == cell) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < cellBalls.size(); ++i) {
           for (size_t j = i + 1; j < cellBalls.size(); ++j) {
-                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(collisionsMutex);
+            std::lock_guard lock(collisionsMutex);
             collisionPairs.emplace_back(cellBalls[i], cellBalls[j]);
           }
         }
       } else {
         for (Ball *ballA : cellBalls) {
           for (Ball *ballB : neighborIt->second) {
-                        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(collisionsMutex);
+            std::lock_guard lock(collisionsMutex);
             collisionPairs.emplace_back(ballA, ballB);
           }
         }
@@ -123,14 +134,15 @@ void Game::resolveSpatialCollisionsParallel(const Grid &grid) {
     }
   }
 
-    const size_t chunkSize = std::max(
-        size_t(1), collisionPairs.size() / std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+  const size_t chunkSize =
+      std::max(static_cast<size_t>(1),
+               collisionPairs.size() / std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
   std::vector<std::future<void>> futures;
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < collisionPairs.size(); i += chunkSize) {
     size_t end = std::min(i + chunkSize, collisionPairs.size());
 
-        futures.push_back(m_threadPool.enqueue([&collisionPairs, i, end]() {
+    futures.push_back(m_threadPool.enqueue([&collisionPairs, i, end] {
       for (size_t j = i; j < end; ++j) {
         auto &[ballA, ballB] = collisionPairs[j];
         ballA->resolveCollision(*ballB);
@@ -138,9 +150,7 @@ void Game::resolveSpatialCollisionsParallel(const Grid &grid) {
     }));
   }
 
-    for (auto &future : futures) {
-        future.get();
-    }
+  for (auto &future : futures) future.get();
 }
 
 void Game::update() {
@@ -148,22 +158,20 @@ void Game::update() {
   if (dt > 0.1f) dt = 0.1f;
 
   updateBallsParallel(dt);
-
-    auto grid = buildSpatialGrid();
-
-    resolveSpatialCollisionsParallel(grid);
+  resolveSpatialCollisionsParallel(buildSpatialGrid());
 }
 
 void Game::updateBallsParallel(float dt) {
-    const size_t chunkSize = std::max(
-        size_t(1), m_objects.size() / std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+  const size_t chunkSize =
+      std::max(static_cast<size_t>(1),
+               m_objects.size() / std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
 
   std::vector<std::future<void>> futures;
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < m_objects.size(); i += chunkSize) {
     size_t end = std::min(i + chunkSize, m_objects.size());
 
-        futures.push_back(m_threadPool.enqueue([&, i, end, dt]() {
+    futures.push_back(m_threadPool.enqueue([&, i, end, dt] {
       for (size_t j = i; j < end; ++j) {
         if (auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(m_objects[j].get())) {
           ball->update(dt, m_windowSize);
@@ -174,24 +182,20 @@ void Game::updateBallsParallel(float dt) {
     }));
   }
 
-    for (auto &future : futures) {
-        future.get();
-    }
+  for (auto &future : futures) future.get();
 }
 
 void Game::render() {
   m_window.clear(sf::Color::Black);
-
   m_debugLines.clear();
   m_drawCallCount = 0;
-
   m_batchRenderer.clear();
 
   std::vector<const Ball *> balls;
   balls.reserve(m_objects.size());
 
   for (const auto &object : m_objects) {
-        if (auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
+    if (const auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
       balls.push_back(ball);
       m_batchRenderer.addBall(*ball);
     } else {
@@ -200,7 +204,7 @@ void Game::render() {
     }
 
     if (!m_toggleDebug) continue;
-        if (auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
+    if (const auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
       DebugDraw::addDirectionLine(m_debugLines, ball, m_window);
       DebugDraw::addVelocityLine(m_debugLines, ball);
     }
@@ -211,8 +215,8 @@ void Game::render() {
 
   if (m_toggleDebug) {
     DebugDraw::drawBatchedLines(m_window, m_debugLines);
-        size_t threadCount = m_threadPool.getThreadCount();
-        size_t ballsPerThread = m_objects.size() / threadCount;
+    const size_t threadCount = m_threadPool.getThreadCount();
+    const size_t ballsPerThread = m_objects.size() / threadCount;
     m_debugOverlay.update(m_drawCallCount + 2, m_timeScale, m_window,
                           threadCount, ballsPerThread);
     m_debugOverlay.draw(m_window);
@@ -221,26 +225,29 @@ void Game::render() {
   m_window.display();
 }
 
-void Game::run() {
-    while (m_window.isOpen()) {
-        while (const std::optional event = m_window.pollEvent()) {
-            if (event->is<sf::Event::Closed>()) {
+void Game::handleEvent(const sf::Event &event) {
+  if (event.is<sf::Event::Closed>()) {
     m_window.close();
     return;
   }
-            if (const auto *resized = event->getIf<sf::Event::Resized>()) {
-                sf::Vector2f position(0.f, 0.f);
-                sf::Vector2f size(static_cast<float>(resized->size.x),
+  if (const auto *resized = event.getIf<sf::Event::Resized>()) {
+    constexpr sf::Vector2f position(0.f, 0.f);
+    const sf::Vector2f size(static_cast<float>(resized->size.x),
                             static_cast<float>(resized->size.y));
-                sf::FloatRect visibleArea(position, size);
+    const sf::FloatRect visibleArea(position, size);
     m_window.setView(sf::View(visibleArea));
     m_windowSize = size;
   }
-            if (auto kP = event->getIf<sf::Event::KeyPressed>())
+  if (const auto kP = event.getIf<sf::Event::KeyPressed>())
     processKeyPressed(*kP);
-            if (auto mP = event->getIf<sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed>())
+  if (const auto mP = event.getIf<sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed>())
     processMousePressed(*mP);
 }
+
+void Game::run() {
+  while (m_window.isOpen()) {
+    while (const std::optional event = m_window.pollEvent())
+      handleEvent(*event);
     update();
     render();
   }

src/Game.hpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <SFML/Graphics/Font.hpp>
 #include <SFML/Graphics/RenderWindow.hpp>
-#include <SFML/Graphics/Text.hpp>
 #include <SFML/Graphics/VertexArray.hpp>
 #include <SFML/System/Clock.hpp>
 #include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>
@@ -21,7 +20,6 @@ class Ball;
 class PhysicalObject;
 
 class Game {
-   private:
   float m_timeScale = 1.f;
   sf::RenderWindow m_window;
   sf::Vector2f m_windowSize;
@@ -41,22 +39,34 @@ class Game {
              static_cast<std::size_t>(k.second) * 19349663;
     }
   };
+
   using Cell = std::pair<int, int>;
   using Grid = std::unordered_map<Cell, std::vector<Ball *>, CellHash>;
 
   void processKeyPressed(const sf::Event::KeyPressed &keyPressed);
+
   void processMousePressed(const sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed &mousePressed);
-    void impulseBalls(const sf::Vector2f& mousePos);
+
+  void handleEvent(const sf::Event &event);
+
+  void impulseBalls(const sf::Vector2f &mousePos) const;
+
   void spawnBall(const sf::Vector2f &mousePos);
+
   void update();
+
   void render();
+
   void updateBallsParallel(float dt);
+
   void resolveSpatialCollisionsParallel(const Grid &grid);
 
-    Grid buildSpatialGrid();
+  Grid buildSpatialGrid() const;
 
  public:
   Game();
+
   void run();
+
   size_t getThreadCount() const { return m_threadPool.getThreadCount(); }
 };

src/InputManager.cpp

@@ -5,14 +5,15 @@
 InputManager::InputManager(KeyCallback keyCb, MouseCallback mouseCb)
     : m_keyCallback(std::move(keyCb)), m_mouseCallback(std::move(mouseCb)) {}
 
-void InputManager::processEvents(sf::Window& window) {
+void InputManager::processEvents(sf::Window& window) const {
   while (const std::optional event = window.pollEvent()) {
     if (event->is<sf::Event::Closed>()) {
       window.close();
       return;
     }
-        if (auto kP = event->getIf<sf::Event::KeyPressed>()) m_keyCallback(*kP);
-        if (auto mP = event->getIf<sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed>())
+    if (const auto kP = event->getIf<sf::Event::KeyPressed>())
+      m_keyCallback(*kP);
+    if (const auto mP = event->getIf<sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed>())
       m_mouseCallback(*mP);
   }
 }

src/InputManager.hpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class InputManager {
 
   InputManager(KeyCallback keyCb, MouseCallback mouseCb);
 
-    void processEvents(sf::Window& window);
+  void processEvents(sf::Window& window) const;
 
  private:
   KeyCallback m_keyCallback;

src/PhysicalObject.hpp

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@
 class PhysicalObject {
  public:
   virtual ~PhysicalObject() = default;
+
   virtual void update(float dt, const sf::Vector2f &windowSize) = 0;
+
   virtual void draw(sf::RenderWindow &window) = 0;
+
   virtual void applyImpulse(const sf::Vector2f &impulse) = 0;
 };

src/ThreadPool.hpp

@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
 class ThreadPool {
  public:
   explicit ThreadPool(size_t numThreads);
+
   ~ThreadPool();
-    size_t getThreadCount() const { return workers.size(); }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] size_t getThreadCount() const { return workers.size(); }
 
   template <class F, class... Args>
   auto enqueue(F &&f, Args &&...args)
-        -> std::future<typename std::invoke_result<F, Args...>::type>;
+      -> std::future<std::invoke_result_t<F, Args...> >;
 
  private:
   std::vector<std::thread> workers;
@@ -27,17 +29,15 @@ class ThreadPool {
   bool stop;
 };
 
-inline ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t numThreads) : stop(false) {
+inline ThreadPool::ThreadPool(const size_t numThreads) : stop(false) {
   for (size_t i = 0; i < numThreads; ++i) {
     workers.emplace_back([this] {
       while (true) {
         std::function<void()> task;
-
         {
-                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->queueMutex);
-                    this->condition.wait(lock, [this] {
-                        return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty();
-                    });
+          std::unique_lock lock(this->queueMutex);
+          this->condition.wait(
+              lock, [this] { return this->stop || !this->tasks.empty(); });
 
           if (this->stop && this->tasks.empty()) return;
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ inline ThreadPool::ThreadPool(size_t numThreads) : stop(false) {
 
 inline ThreadPool::~ThreadPool() {
   {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queueMutex);
+    std::unique_lock lock(queueMutex);
     stop = true;
   }
   condition.notify_all();
@@ -62,20 +62,19 @@ inline ThreadPool::~ThreadPool() {
 }
 
 template <class F, class... Args>
-inline auto ThreadPool::enqueue(F&& f, Args&&... args)
-    -> std::future<typename std::invoke_result<F, Args...>::type> {
-    using return_type = typename std::invoke_result<F, Args...>::type;
+auto ThreadPool::enqueue(F &&f, Args &&...args)
+    -> std::future<std::invoke_result_t<F, Args...> > {
+  using return_type = std::invoke_result_t<F, Args...>;
 
   auto task = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<return_type()> >(
       std::bind(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
 
   std::future<return_type> res = task->get_future();
-
   {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queueMutex);
+    std::unique_lock lock(queueMutex);
     if (stop) throw std::runtime_error("enqueue on stopped ThreadPool");
 
-        tasks.emplace([task]() { (*task)(); });
+    tasks.emplace([task] { (*task)(); });
   }
 
   condition.notify_one();

src/ThreadUtils.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace ThreadUtils {
+inline size_t calculateSafeWorkerThreads(const size_t reserve = 2) {
+  const size_t total = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
+  return total > reserve ? total - reserve : 1;
+}
+}  // namespace ThreadUtils

src/VectorMath.cpp

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ float length(const sf::Vector2f& vector) {
 }
 
 sf::Vector2f normalize(const sf::Vector2f &vector) {
-    float squaredLen = vector.x * vector.x + vector.y * vector.y;
-    if (squaredLen > 0.0001f) {
-        float invLen = 1.0f / std::sqrt(squaredLen);
-        return sf::Vector2f(vector.x * invLen, vector.y * invLen);
+  if (const float squaredLen = vector.x * vector.x + vector.y * vector.y;
+      squaredLen > 0.0001f) {
+    const float invLen = 1.0f / std::sqrt(squaredLen);
+    return {vector.x * invLen, vector.y * invLen};
   }
   return vector;
 }

src/VectorMath.hpp

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
 
 namespace VectorMath {
 float length(const sf::Vector2f &vector);
+
 sf::Vector2f normalize(const sf::Vector2f &vector);
 }  // namespace VectorMath