feat: BatchRenderer for optimized ball rendering

src/Ball.hpp

@@ -28,4 +28,6 @@ class Ball : public PhysicalObject {
     sf::Vector2f getVelocity() const;
     bool isAtRest() const;
     sf::Vector2f getPixelVelocity() const { return m_pixelVelocity; }
+    float getRadius() const { return m_radius; }
+    sf::Color getColor() const { return m_shape.getFillColor(); }
 };

src/BatchRenderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "BatchRenderer.hpp"
+
+#include <SFML/Graphics/Image.hpp>
+#include <SFML/OpenGL.hpp>
+#include <cmath>
+
+BatchRenderer::BatchRenderer() : m_vertices(sf::PrimitiveType::Triangles) {
+    const unsigned int size = 64;
+    sf::Image image(sf::Vector2u(size, size), sf::Color::Transparent);
+
+    unsigned int radius = size / 2;
+    sf::Vector2u center(radius, radius);
+
+    for (unsigned int y = 0; y < size; ++y) {
+        for (unsigned int x = 0; x < size; ++x) {
+            sf::Vector2u pixel(x, y);
+            int dx = static_cast<int>(center.x) - static_cast<int>(pixel.x);
+            int dy = static_cast<int>(center.y) - static_cast<int>(pixel.y);
+            float distance = std::sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+
+            if (distance <= radius) {
+                float alpha = 255.0f;
+                if (distance > radius - 2.0f) {
+                    alpha =
+                        255.0f * (1.0f - (distance - (radius - 2.0f)) / 2.0f);
+                }
+                image.setPixel(
+                    sf::Vector2u(x, y),
+                    sf::Color(255, 255, 255, static_cast<std::uint8_t>(alpha)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!m_circleTexture.loadFromImage(image)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to load circle texture from image");
+    }
+}
+
+void BatchRenderer::clear() { m_vertices.clear(); }
+
+void BatchRenderer::addBall(const Ball& ball) {
+    sf::Vector2f position = ball.getPosition();
+    float radius = ball.getRadius();
+    sf::Color color = ball.getColor();
+
+    sf::Vertex topLeft;
+    sf::Vertex topRight;
+    sf::Vertex bottomRight;
+    sf::Vertex bottomLeft;
+
+    topLeft.position = sf::Vector2f(position.x - radius, position.y - radius);
+    topRight.position = sf::Vector2f(position.x + radius, position.y - radius);
+    bottomRight.position =
+        sf::Vector2f(position.x + radius, position.y + radius);
+    bottomLeft.position =
+        sf::Vector2f(position.x - radius, position.y + radius);
+
+    topLeft.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(0, 0);
+    topRight.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(m_circleTexture.getSize().x, 0);
+    bottomRight.texCoords =
+        sf::Vector2f(m_circleTexture.getSize().x, m_circleTexture.getSize().y);
+    bottomLeft.texCoords = sf::Vector2f(0, m_circleTexture.getSize().y);
+
+    topLeft.color = color;
+    topRight.color = color;
+    bottomRight.color = color;
+    bottomLeft.color = color;
+
+    m_vertices.append(topLeft);
+    m_vertices.append(topRight);
+    m_vertices.append(bottomRight);
+
+    m_vertices.append(topLeft);
+    m_vertices.append(bottomRight);
+    m_vertices.append(bottomLeft);
+}
+
+void BatchRenderer::draw(sf::RenderWindow& window) {
+    if (m_vertices.getVertexCount() == 0) return;
+
+    sf::RenderStates states;
+    states.texture = &m_circleTexture;
+
+    window.draw(m_vertices, states);
+}

src/BatchRenderer.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <SFML/Graphics/RenderWindow.hpp>
+#include <SFML/Graphics/Texture.hpp>
+#include <SFML/Graphics/VertexArray.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Ball.hpp"
+
+class BatchRenderer {
+   private:
+    sf::VertexArray m_vertices;
+    sf::Texture m_circleTexture;
+
+   public:
+    BatchRenderer();
+    void clear();
+    void addBall(const Ball& ball);
+    void draw(sf::RenderWindow& window);
+};

src/Constants.hpp

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
 namespace Constants {
-constexpr unsigned WIDTH = 1280;
+constexpr unsigned WIDTH = 1920;
-constexpr unsigned HEIGHT = 720;
+constexpr unsigned HEIGHT = 1080;
-constexpr float GRAVITY = 8000.f;
+constexpr float GRAVITY = 781.f;
 constexpr float RESTITUTION = 0.8f;
 constexpr float FRICTION = 0.9f;
-constexpr float BALL_RADIUS = 20.f;
+constexpr float IMPULSE = 2000.f;
-constexpr float IMPULSE = 2500.f;
 constexpr float REST_PIXEL_VELOCITY = 2.0f;
-constexpr unsigned BALL_QUANTITY = 100;
+constexpr float BALL_RADIUS = 15.f;
+constexpr unsigned BALL_QUANTITY = 500;
 }  // namespace Constants

src/DebugOverlay.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 DebugOverlay::DebugOverlay(const std::string& fontPath)
     : m_font(fontPath), m_text(m_font) {
-    m_text.setCharacterSize(16);
+    m_text.setCharacterSize(18);
     m_text.setFillColor(sf::Color::White);
     m_text.setPosition(sf::Vector2f(5.f, 5.f));
 }

src/Game.cpp

@@ -126,9 +126,15 @@ void Game::render() {
     m_debugLines.clear();
     m_drawCallCount = 0;
 
+    m_batchRenderer.clear();
+
     for (const auto &object : m_objects) {
-        object->draw(m_window);
+        if (auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
-        ++m_drawCallCount;
+            m_batchRenderer.addBall(*ball);
+        } else {
+            object->draw(m_window);
+            ++m_drawCallCount;
+        }
 
         if (!m_toggleDebug) continue;
         if (auto *ball = dynamic_cast<Ball *>(object.get())) {
@@ -137,6 +143,9 @@ void Game::render() {
         }
     }
 
+    m_batchRenderer.draw(m_window);
+    ++m_drawCallCount;
+
     if (m_toggleDebug) {
         DebugDraw::drawBatchedLines(m_window, m_debugLines);
         m_debugOverlay.update(m_drawCallCount + 2, m_timeScale, m_window);

src/Game.hpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "Ball.hpp"
+#include "BatchRenderer.hpp"
 #include "DebugOverlay.hpp"
 #include "InputManager.hpp"
 #include "PhysicalObject.hpp"
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ class PhysicalObject;
 
 class Game {
    private:
-    float m_timeScale = 1.0f;
+    float m_timeScale = 1.f;
     sf::RenderWindow m_window;
     sf::Vector2f m_windowSize;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<PhysicalObject>> m_objects;
@@ -29,7 +30,8 @@ class Game {
     sf::VertexArray m_debugLines;
     int m_drawCallCount = 0;
     DebugOverlay m_debugOverlay;
-    bool m_toggleDebug = false;
+    bool m_toggleDebug = true;
+    BatchRenderer m_batchRenderer;
 
     void processKeyPressed(const sf::Event::KeyPressed& keyPressed);
     void processMousePressed(const sf::Event::MouseButtonPressed& mousePressed);